{"id":5225,"date":"2023-08-18T23:42:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T23:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hangzhiprecision.com\/?p=5225"},"modified":"2026-01-23T02:04:27","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T02:04:27","slug":"snimac-proudu-s-hallovym-efektem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hangzhiprecision.com\/cs\/knowledge-center\/hall-effect-current-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to sn\u00edma\u010d proudu s hallov\u00fdm efektem?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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. Hall\u016fv sn\u00edma\u010d proudu<\/a> je elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed proud proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed vodi\u010dem pomoc\u00ed Hallova jevu. Hall\u016fv jev je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed princip, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se na vodi\u010di vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rozd\u00edl nap\u011bt\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Hallovo nap\u011bt\u00ed, kdy\u017e je vystaven magnetick\u00e9mu poli kolm\u00e9mu ke sm\u011bru toku proudu. Proudov\u00e9 senzory s Hallov\u00fdm efektem vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tento jev k p\u0159esn\u00e9mu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed velikosti proudu prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edho vodi\u010dem bez nutnosti p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho kontaktu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je Hall\u016fv efekt? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kdy byl Hall\u016fv efekt objeven a jak funguje? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hall\u016fv jev objevil americk\u00fd fyzik Hall v roce 1879. P\u0159i pr\u016fchodu proudu vodi\u010dem v magnetick\u00e9m poli se ve vodi\u010di vytvo\u0159\u00ed rozd\u00edl potenci\u00e1l\u016f kolm\u00fd na sm\u011br proudu a sm\u011br magnetick\u00e9ho pole. A velikost rozd\u00edlu potenci\u00e1l\u016f je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017ece magnetick\u00e9 indukce a velikosti proudu. U polovodi\u010d\u016f je Hall\u016fv jev je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hall\u016fv jev je v podstat\u011b vychylov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybuj\u00edc\u00edch se nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v magnetick\u00e9m poli zp\u016fsoben\u00e9m Lorentzovou silou. Kdy\u017e jsou nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (elektrony nebo d\u00edry) uzav\u0159eny v pevn\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu, vede tato odchylka k akumulaci kladn\u00fdch a z\u00e1porn\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f ve sm\u011bru kolm\u00e9m k proudu a magnetick\u00e9mu poli, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytvo\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole, tj. elektrick\u00e9 pole EH.
Proud IS proch\u00e1z\u00ed Hallov\u00fdm prvkem typu N nebo typu P, sm\u011br magnetick\u00e9ho pole B je kolm\u00fd ke sm\u011bru proudu IS a sm\u011br magnetick\u00e9ho pole je zevnit\u0159 ven. Pro polovodi\u010de typu N a polovodi\u010de typu P jsou generovan\u00e9 sm\u011bry zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny v Hall vlevo a vpravo. Elektrick\u00e9 pole EH (podle toho lze posuzovat vlastnosti Hallova prvku \u2013 typ N nebo typ P).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hall\u016fv potenci\u00e1lov\u00fd rozd\u00edl EH br\u00e1n\u00ed nosi\u010d\u016fm v dal\u0161\u00edm posunu do strany. Kdy\u017e jsou s\u00edly p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole FE a Lorentzova s\u00edla FB, kterou nosi\u010de p\u016fsob\u00ed, stejn\u00e9, akumulace n\u00e1boj\u016f na obou stran\u00e1ch Hallova prvku dos\u00e1hne dynamick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy.
proto\u017ee:
FE=eEH, FB=evB,
proto:
eEH=eVB (1)
P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka vzorku je b, tlou\u0161\u0165ka je d a koncentrace nosi\u010de je n, pak:
IS=nevbd (2)
Ze vzorc\u016f (1) a (2) m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat:
Hall\u016fv potenci\u00e1lov\u00fd rozd\u00edl UH=EHb=(1\/ne)(ISB\/d)=RH(ISB\/d)
RH=1\/ne je Hall\u016fv koeficient materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd parametr odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu Hallova jevu materi\u00e1lu.
Pro pevn\u00fd Hall\u016fv prvek je tlou\u0161\u0165ka d pevn\u00e1 a KH je Hall\u016fv koeficient Hallova prvku, kter\u00fd lze z\u00edskat:
UH=KHISB (3)
To znamen\u00e1: rozd\u00edl Hallov\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l\u016f UH je \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd proudu IS a magnetick\u00e9 indukci B.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aplikace Hallova jevu<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pomoc\u00ed Hallova jevu lze vyrobit sp\u00ednac\u00ed senzory a line\u00e1rn\u00ed senzory. Hallovy sn\u00edma\u010de sp\u00edna\u010dov\u00e9ho typu jsou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed polohy, posunu a rychlosti a line\u00e1rn\u00ed Hallovy sn\u00edma\u010de jsou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed magnetick\u00e9ho pole, proudu a nap\u011bt\u00ed.
V posledn\u00edch letech roste popt\u00e1vka po m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed elekt\u0159iny s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed s nev\u00fdkonovou frekvenc\u00ed a nesinusovou charakteristikou. Vzhledem k \u00fazk\u00e9mu frekven\u010dn\u00edmu aplika\u010dn\u00edmu rozsahu elektromagnetick\u00fdch transform\u00e1tor\u016f, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pou\u017eiteln\u00fdmi frekven\u010dn\u00edmi p\u00e1smy Hallov\u00fdch nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch a proudov\u00fdch senzor\u016f \u0160irok\u00fd a lze je pou\u017e\u00edt pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu, je jejich tr\u017en\u00ed vyhl\u00eddka \u0161irok\u00e1.
Pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed ve slo\u017eit\u00e9m elektromagnetick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed by v\u0161ak vzhledem k citlivosti Hallova senzoru na magnetick\u00e9 pole m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u011bnov\u00e1na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost aplikaci. Nav\u00edc, proto\u017ee Hallovy sn\u00edma\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu pro \u00fa\u010dely \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v\u00fdrobci obecn\u011b neposkytuj\u00ed indik\u00e1tory \u00fahlov\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou kritick\u00e9 pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu, je pou\u017e\u00edvejte opatrn\u011b.
Stanice National Frequency Conversion Power Measuring Instrument Metrology Station provedla nam\u00e1tkov\u00e9 kontroly n\u011bkter\u00fdch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch typ\u016f Hallov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu. P\u0159i 50 Hz je index \u00fahlov\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu mezi 20\u2032~240\u2032 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 10\u2032 0,2-\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9ho elektromagnetick\u00e9ho transform\u00e1toru. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, index \u00fahlov\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu je \u0161patn\u00fd a pro p\u0159\u00edpady s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010din\u00edkem m\u00e1 velk\u00fd vliv na p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu.
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Jak funguj\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de proudu Hallov\u00fdm jevem a typy <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Souhrn sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f proudu Hallova jevu<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hallovy proudov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de zahrnuj\u00ed typy s otev\u0159enou a uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou. V\u011bt\u0161ina vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch Hallov\u00fdch proudov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f m\u00e1 uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dku. Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je zalo\u017een na Hallov\u011b principu magnetick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy, tedy na principu uzav\u0159en\u00e9 smy\u010dky. Kdy\u017e se generuje prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud IP Magnetick\u00fd tok je koncentrov\u00e1n v magnetick\u00e9m obvodu p\u0159es vysoce kvalitn\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, Hall\u016fv prvek je upevn\u011bn ve vzduchov\u00e9 meze\u0159e, aby detekoval magnetick\u00fd tok, a zp\u011btn\u00fd kompenza\u010dn\u00ed proud je vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n p\u0159es v\u00edceot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00fd c\u00edvka navinut\u00e1 na magnetick\u00e9m j\u00e1dru, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed generov\u00e1n\u00ed IP na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b Magnetick\u00fd tok, tak\u017ee magnetick\u00fd tok v magnetick\u00e9m obvodu je v\u017edy udr\u017eov\u00e1n na nule. Po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edm obvodem m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00ed svorka sn\u00edma\u010de vyd\u00e1vat zm\u011bnu proudu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed proud na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdm\u011bna sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f proudu p\u0159esn\u00e9ho Hallova jevu Hangzhi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jak funguj\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de proudu Hallov\u00fdm jevem<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Senzory proudu s Hallov\u00fdm jevem s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kdy\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud IP prot\u00e9k\u00e1 dlouh\u00fdm vodi\u010dem, kolem vodi\u010de se vytvo\u0159\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole. Velikost tohoto magnetick\u00e9ho pole je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 proudu prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edm dr\u00e1tem. Generovan\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole se shroma\u017e\u010fuje v magnetick\u00e9m prstenci a proch\u00e1z\u00ed vzduchovou mezerou magnetick\u00e9ho prstence. Hall\u016fv prvek m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a zesiluje v\u00fdstup a jeho v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VS p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud IP. Obecn\u00fd jmenovit\u00fd v\u00fdstup je kalibrov\u00e1n na 4V.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Princip Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Senzory Hallova proudu s magnetickou rovnov\u00e1hou (uzav\u0159en\u00e1 smy\u010dka).<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kdy\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud IP prot\u00e9k\u00e1 dlouh\u00fdm vodi\u010dem, kolem vodi\u010de se vytvo\u0159\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole. Velikost tohoto magnetick\u00e9ho pole je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 proudu prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edm dr\u00e1tem. Generovan\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole se shroma\u017e\u010fuje v magnetick\u00e9m prstenci a proch\u00e1z\u00ed vzduchovou mezerou magnetick\u00e9ho prstence. Hall\u016fv prvek m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a zesiluje v\u00fdstup a jeho v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VS p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud IP. Obecn\u00fd jmenovit\u00fd v\u00fdstup je kalibrov\u00e1n na 4V.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou_Magnetick\u00e9 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed Princip Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sn\u00edma\u010d magnetick\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edho proudu se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u00edm proudem Ip na magnetick\u00e9m sb\u011brn\u00e9m prstenci je kompenzov\u00e1no magnetick\u00fdm polem generovan\u00fdm proudem sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvky a kompenza\u010dn\u00ed proud Is p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud Ip, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se Hallovo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v pracovn\u00edm stavu detekce nulov\u00fd magnetick\u00fd tok<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Specifick\u00fd pracovn\u00ed proces je: kdy\u017e proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u00edm obvodem, magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 na dr\u00e1tu je shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bno magnetick\u00fdm prstencem a indukov\u00e1no do Hallova za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a generovan\u00fd sign\u00e1lov\u00fd v\u00fdstup je pou\u017eit k pohonu v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektronky a jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed. chov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se z\u00edsk\u00e1 kompenzace Current Is. Tento proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edcez\u00e1vitov\u00fdm vinut\u00edm a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u017e magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm proudem, a t\u00edm kompenzuje p\u016fvodn\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole a postupn\u011b sni\u017euje v\u00fdkon Hallova za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 vyn\u00e1soben\u00edm Ip a po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f rovn\u00e1, Is se ji\u017e nebude zvy\u0161ovat. V tomto okam\u017eiku hraje Hallovo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed roli indikace nulov\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho toku. V tuto chv\u00edli lze Ip testovat pomoc\u00ed Is. Kdy\u017e se Ip zm\u011bn\u00ed, rovnov\u00e1ha se zni\u010d\u00ed a Hallovo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00fdstup sign\u00e1lu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd proces se opakuje, aby se znovu dos\u00e1hlo rovnov\u00e1hy. Jak\u00e1koli zm\u011bna m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho proudu tuto rovnov\u00e1hu naru\u0161\u00ed. Jakmile je magnetick\u00e9 pole nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9, Hall\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstroj m\u00e1 v\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l. Po zes\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu okam\u017eit\u011b prot\u00e9k\u00e1 sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed proud, kter\u00fd kompenzuje nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole. Od nerovnov\u00e1hy magnetick\u00e9ho pole op\u011bt k rovnov\u00e1ze je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd \u010das teoreticky men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1\u03bcs, co\u017e je proces dynamick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy. Z makro pohledu jsou tedy amp\u00e9rz\u00e1vity sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho kompenza\u010dn\u00edho proudu v ka\u017ed\u00e9m okam\u017eiku rovny amp\u00e9rz\u00e1vit\u016fm prim\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho proudu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi Hallov\u00fdm proudov\u00fdm senzorem s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou a Hallov\u00fdm proudov\u00fdm senzorem s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A. Rozd\u00edl v \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce p\u00e1sma
Mikroskopicky \u0159e\u010deno, magnetick\u00e9 pole ve vzduchov\u00e9 meze\u0159e se v\u017edy m\u011bn\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti nulov\u00e9ho toku. Proto\u017ee se magnetick\u00e9 pole m\u011bn\u00ed jen velmi m\u00e1lo, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zm\u011bna frekvence rychlej\u0161\u00ed. Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou m\u00e1 proto rychlou dobu odezvy. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou m\u016f\u017ee obvykle dos\u00e1hnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 kHz. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je obvykle \u00fazk\u00e1, nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je asi 3 kHz.
B. Rozd\u00edl v p\u0159esnosti
V\u00fdstup sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed strany Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd intenzit\u011b magnetick\u00e9 indukce ve vzduchov\u00e9 meze\u0159e magnetick\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a magnetick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro je vyrobeno z materi\u00e1l\u016f s vysokou magnetickou permeabilitou. Neline\u00e1rn\u00ed a hysterezn\u00ed efekty jsou vlastn\u00ed charakteristikou v\u0161ech materi\u00e1l\u016f s vysokou magnetickou permeabilitou. Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou m\u00e1 proto obecn\u011b \u0161patn\u00fd \u00fahel linearity a v\u00fdstup sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed strany se bude li\u0161it, kdy\u017e sign\u00e1l prim\u00e1rn\u00ed strany stoup\u00e1 a kles\u00e1. P\u0159esnost Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je obvykle hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1%. Proto\u017ee Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou pracuje ve stavu nulov\u00e9ho toku, nelinearita a hysterezn\u00ed efekt magnetick\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra neovlivn\u00ed v\u00fdstup a lze dos\u00e1hnout lep\u0161\u00ed linearity a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnosti. P\u0159esnost Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou m\u016f\u017ee obecn\u011b dos\u00e1hnout 0,2%.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hlavn\u00ed technick\u00e9 parametry sn\u00edma\u010de proudu Hallova jevu<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VA Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de VA se vztahuje k nap\u00e1jec\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v rozsahu specifikovan\u00e9m sn\u00edma\u010dem. Za t\u00edmto rozsahem sn\u00edma\u010d nem\u016f\u017ee fungovat norm\u00e1ln\u011b nebo je sn\u00ed\u017eena spolehlivost. Krom\u011b toho je nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VA sn\u00edma\u010de rozd\u011bleno na kladn\u00e9 nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VA+ a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VA-. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee u sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f s jednof\u00e1zov\u00fdm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm je jeho nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed VAmin dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 ne\u017e u dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e9ho nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed VAmin, tak\u017ee jeho m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed rozsah by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u dvouf\u00e1zov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Ipmax<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vztahuje se k maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnot\u011b proudu, kterou lze m\u011b\u0159it proudov\u00fdm sn\u00edma\u010dem, a rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je obecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e standardn\u00ed jmenovit\u00e1 hodnota IPN.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Standardn\u00ed jmenovit\u00e1 hodnota IPN a jmenovit\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed proud ISN<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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IPN ozna\u010duje standardn\u00ed jmenovitou hodnotu, kterou m\u016f\u017ee proudov\u00fd senzor testovat, vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou v efektivn\u00ed hodnot\u011b (Arms), a velikost IPN souvis\u00ed s modelem produktu senzoru. ISN ozna\u010duje jmenovit\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed proud proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de, obecn\u011b 10~400mA, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch model\u016f. Pokud v\u00fdstupn\u00ed proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm rezistorem R, lze z\u00edskat v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd sign\u00e1l n\u011bkolika volt\u016f \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u00edmu proudu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Offset aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ISO<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Offsetov\u00fd proud se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed proud nebo rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed proud, kter\u00fd je zp\u016fsoben p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nestabiln\u00edm pracovn\u00edm stavem Hallov\u00fdch prvk\u016f nebo opera\u010dn\u00edch zesilova\u010d\u016f v elektronick\u00fdch obvodech. Kdy\u017e je proudov\u00fd senzor vyroben, p\u0159i 25\u00b0C a IP=0, offsetov\u00fd proud byl nastaven na minimum, ale senzor bude generovat ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed offsetov\u00e9ho proudu, kdy\u017e opust\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Linearita<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Linearita ur\u010duje m\u00edru, do jak\u00e9 je v\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l sn\u00edma\u010de (proud na sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b I0) \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd vstupn\u00edmu sign\u00e1lu (proud na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b I) v rozsahu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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teplotn\u00ed posun<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Offsetov\u00fd proud ISO se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159i 25\u00b0C. Kdy\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed okoln\u00ed teplota kolem Hallovy elektrody, zm\u011bn\u00ed se ISO. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bnu offsetov\u00e9ho proudu ISO, kde IOT odkazuje na hodnotu teplotn\u00edho driftu v aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed tabulce v\u00fdkonu sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159et\u00ed\u017eitelnost<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159et\u00ed\u017eitelnost proudov\u00e9ho senzoru znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e dojde k proudov\u00e9mu p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud se bude st\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovat mimo rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed proudu p\u0159i p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 a hodnota p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dit povolenou hodnotu senzoru. . Obecn\u011b to nelze zm\u011b\u0159it, ale nezp\u016fsob\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed senzoru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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p\u0159esnost<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159esnost sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f Hallova efektu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na standardn\u00edm jmenovit\u00e9m proudu IPN. P\u0159i +25\u00b0C m\u00e1 p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de ur\u010dit\u00fd vliv na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud a p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159esnosti sn\u00edma\u010de je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu i vliv offsetov\u00e9ho proudu, linearity a teplotn\u00edho driftu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aplikace proudov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f Hallova jevu <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V posledn\u00edch letech se v automatiza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch tranzistor\u016f, usm\u011br\u0148ova\u010d\u016f a tyristor\u016f a \u0161iroce se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obvody pro regulaci rychlosti st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho kmito\u010dtu a modulaci \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky pulzu, tak\u017ee obvod ji\u017e nen\u00ed jen tradi\u010dn\u00ed 50 -cyklick\u00e1 sinusov\u00e1 vlna a objevily se r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy sinusov\u00fdch vln. pr\u016fb\u011bh. Pro tento druh obvodu nem\u016f\u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed metoda m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eet jeho skute\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh a komponenty detekce proudu a nap\u011bt\u00ed nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci st\u0159edn\u011b vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00ed a vysok\u00fdch di\/dt proudov\u00fdch pr\u016fb\u011bh\u016f.
Senzory s Hallov\u00fdm efektem, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u011b\u0159it proud a nap\u011bt\u00ed libovoln\u00fdch pr\u016fb\u011bh\u016f. V\u00fdstupn\u00ed svorka m\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017eet parametry pr\u016fb\u011bhu proudu nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed vstupn\u00ed svorky. S c\u00edlem na spole\u010dnou nev\u00fdhodu velk\u00e9ho teplotn\u00edho driftu u sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f s Hallov\u00fdm efektem je pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017eit kompenza\u010dn\u00ed obvod, kter\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sni\u017euje vliv teploty na p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed; m\u00e1 vlastnosti vysok\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti, pohodln\u00e9 instalace a n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny.
Senzory s Hallov\u00fdm efektem jsou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rychlosti frekven\u010dn\u00ed konverze, invertorov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u00edch, komunika\u010dn\u00edch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u00edch, elektrick\u00fdch sv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00edch stroj\u00edch, elektrick\u00fdch lokomotiv\u00e1ch, rozvodn\u00e1ch, CNC obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u00edch, elektrolytick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 pot\u0159eba izolovat a detekovat proud a nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hallovy proudov\u00e9 senzory, zejm\u00e9na Hallovy proudov\u00e9 senzory s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou, byly \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v oblasti pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a regulace kv\u016fli jejich charakteristik\u00e1m \u0161irok\u00e9ho frekven\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma, st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho a stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu a nesnadn\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 saturaci. Hallovy proudov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de v\u0161ak maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody:
1. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s elektromagnetick\u00fdm proudov\u00fdm transform\u00e1torem je jeho sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed proud mal\u00fd a jeho schopnost proti ru\u0161en\u00ed relativn\u011b slab\u00e1;
2. Citliv\u00e9 na vliv okoln\u00edho magnetick\u00e9ho pole, co\u017e sni\u017euje p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed;
3. Obecn\u011b nen\u00ed poskytov\u00e1n index \u00fahlov\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu a p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nelze vysledovat zdroj syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 chyby.
Obecn\u011b se doporu\u010duje, aby Hallovy proudov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro \u00fa\u010dely \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nezahrnuj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nebo nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysokou p\u0159esnost; pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nebo m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed energie sinusov\u00fdch obvod\u016f v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 frekvence se doporu\u010duj\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 transform\u00e1tory proudu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aplikace Hallov\u00fdch proudov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f - srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi sn\u00edmac\u00edmi komponenty<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V minulosti byly b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi pro detekci proudu bo\u010dn\u00edky a proudov\u00e9 transform\u00e1tory.
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f je, \u017ee mezi vstupem a v\u00fdstupem nen\u00ed galvanick\u00e1 izolace. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00edku pro detekci vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edho nebo velk\u00e9ho proudu je nav\u00edc nevyhnuteln\u011b induktivn\u00ed, tak\u017ee zapojen\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00edku neovliv\u0148uje pouze m\u011b\u0159en\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh proudu, ale tak\u00e9 nem\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et nesinusov\u00e9 pr\u016fb\u011bhy.
Proudov\u00fd transform\u00e1tor m\u00e1 vysokou p\u0159esnost pod specifikovanou pracovn\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed, ale frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah, kter\u00e9mu se dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159izp\u016fsobit, je velmi \u00fazk\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud. Nav\u00edc p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci proudov\u00e9ho transform\u00e1toru doch\u00e1z\u00ed k bud\u00edc\u00edmu proudu, tak\u017ee je to induk\u010dn\u00ed prvek a m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody jako bo\u010dn\u00edk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aplikace Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru \u2013 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed pozornost<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Stejn\u011b jako konven\u010dn\u00ed proudov\u00e9 senzory maj\u00ed obecn\u00e9 Hallovy proudov\u00e9 senzory \u010dty\u0159i kol\u00edky, kladn\u00fd (+), z\u00e1porn\u00fd (-), m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed svorku (M) a zem (0), ale dr\u00e1tov\u00e9 proudov\u00e9 senzory tyto \u010dty\u0159i kol\u00edky nemaj\u00ed. , ale existuj\u00ed t\u0159i vodi\u010de \u010derven\u00fd, \u010dern\u00fd, \u017elut\u00fd a zelen\u00fd, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed kladn\u00e9mu p\u00f3lu, z\u00e1porn\u00e9mu p\u00f3lu, m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed svorce a zemi. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je u v\u011bt\u0161iny sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f vnit\u0159n\u00ed otvor a vodi\u010d by m\u011bl p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edho proudu proch\u00e1zet vnit\u0159n\u00edm otvorem. Velikost otvoru m\u00e1 nevyhnuteln\u00fd vztah k modelu v\u00fdrobku a velikosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho proudu.<\/p>

Bez ohledu na typ proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de by m\u011bla b\u00fdt kabel\u00e1\u017e kol\u00edk\u016f zapojena podle podm\u00ednek uveden\u00fdch v n\u00e1vodu p\u0159i instalaci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1) P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu je povinn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kladn\u00fd p\u00f3l (+) sn\u00edma\u010de je p\u0159ipojen ke svorce \u201e+VA\u201c nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje a z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l je p\u0159ipojen ke svorce \u201e-VA\u201c nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje. Toto zapojen\u00ed se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed svorka (M) p\u0159ipojena ke svorce \u201e0V\u201c nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje p\u0159es odpor (jednoprstov\u00fd typ s nulov\u00fdm magnetick\u00fdm tokem).
2) P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu lze pou\u017e\u00edt unipol\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kladn\u00fd nebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l se zkratuje svorkou \u201e0V\u201c, tak\u017ee je p\u0159ipojena pouze jedna elektroda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159i instalaci pln\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eeno pou\u017eit\u00ed, model, \u0159ada a instala\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed produktu. Senzor by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad instalov\u00e1n na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 vede k odvodu tepla.
Krom\u011b instalace kabel\u00e1\u017ee, okam\u017eit\u00e9 kalibrace a kalibrace a v\u011bnov\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti pracovn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed senzoru byste m\u011bli tak\u00e9 v\u011bnovat pozornost n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm polo\u017ek\u00e1m, abyste zajistili p\u0159esnost testu:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1) Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vodi\u010d by m\u011bl b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bn ve st\u0159edu vnit\u0159n\u00edho otvoru sn\u00edma\u010de a nem\u011bl by b\u00fdt pokud mo\u017eno vych\u00fdlen;
2) Napl\u0148te vnit\u0159n\u00ed otvor sn\u00edma\u010de tak \u00fapln\u011b, jak je to jen mo\u017en\u00e9, prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vodi\u010dem, ani\u017e byste ponechali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mezery;
3) M\u011b\u0159en\u00fd proud by se m\u011bl bl\u00ed\u017eit standardn\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9 hodnot\u011b IPN sn\u00edma\u010de a rozd\u00edl by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd. Pokud jsou podm\u00ednky omezen\u00e9, je k dispozici pouze jeden sn\u00edma\u010d s vysokou jmenovitou hodnotou a m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hodnota proudu je mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jmenovit\u00e1 hodnota. Pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed lze prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vodi\u010d n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t navinout, aby se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil jmenovit\u00e9 hodnot\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, kdy\u017e je senzor s jmenovitou hodnotou 100A pou\u017eit k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed proudu 10A, za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vodi\u010d navinut desetkr\u00e1t kolem st\u0159edu vnit\u0159n\u00edho otvoru senzoru (obecn\u011b, NP=1; v jednom kruhu ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm otvoru, NP= 2;\u2026;Dev\u011bt kruh\u016f, NP=10, pak NP\u00d710A=100A se rovn\u00e1 jmenovit\u00e9 hodnot\u011b sn\u00edma\u010de, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it p\u0159esnost).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Za\u017eije Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor magnetickou saturaci?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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co je to jev magnetick\u00e9 saturace?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Feromagnetick\u00e1 nebo ferimagnetick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka je ve stavu, kdy se magnetick\u00e1 polarizace nebo magnetizace v\u00fdrazn\u011b nezvy\u0161uje s n\u00e1r\u016fstem intenzity magnetick\u00e9ho pole.
Vzhledem k omezen\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury magnetick\u00e9ho permeabiln\u00edho materi\u00e1lu nem\u016f\u017ee proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed magnetick\u00fd tok nar\u016fstat donekone\u010dna. A\u0165 u\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte proud nebo po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f, magnetick\u00fd tok proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm objemem magnetick\u00e9ho permeabiln\u00edho materi\u00e1lu se ji\u017e nezv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed na ur\u010ditou hodnotu a bude dosa\u017eeno magnetick\u00e9 saturace. .
P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee existuje elektromagnet, kdy\u017e je aplikov\u00e1n jednotkov\u00fd proud, generovan\u00e1 s\u00edla magnetick\u00e9ho pole je 1, kdy\u017e se proud zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed na 2, s\u00edla magnetick\u00e9ho pole se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed na 2,3, kdy\u017e je proud 5, s\u00edla magnetick\u00e9ho pole je 7, ale proud dos\u00e1hne 6 Kdy\u017e je s\u00edla magnetick\u00e9ho pole st\u00e1le 7, pokud se proud d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje, s\u00edla magnetick\u00e9ho pole je 7 a ji\u017e se nezvy\u0161uje. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee elektromagnet m\u00e1 magnetickou saturaci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 saturace<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vnit\u0159ek Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de obsahuje materi\u00e1ly s vysokou magnetickou permeabilitou. Pot\u00e9, co jsou materi\u00e1ly s vysokou magnetickou permeabilitou magneticky nasyceny, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed proud (nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed) sn\u00edma\u010de se ji\u017e nebude m\u011bnit podle zm\u011bny prim\u00e1rn\u00edho proudu, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nebo selh\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho obvodu. Do\u010dasn\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 saturace m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed magnetick\u00e9ho vodiv\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a po\u0161kodit izolaci mezi prim\u00e1rn\u00edm obvodem a sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm obvodem Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de, co\u017e ohro\u017euje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost osob.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Probl\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9 saturace sn\u00edma\u010de Hallova proudu<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f Hallov\u00fdch proudov\u00fdch senzor\u016f tak\u00e9 propaguje absenci magnetick\u00e9 saturace jako d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdhodu Hallov\u00fdch proudov\u00fdch senzor\u016f ve sv\u00fdch technick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. Absence magnetick\u00e9 saturace Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jednou z hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdhod Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru, kter\u00fd je \u0161iroce uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n od jeho aplikace.
Je to pravda?
Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor ve skute\u010dnosti obsahuje neline\u00e1rn\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e ur\u010duje, \u017ee Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor bude za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed magneticky nasycen\u00fd!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Probl\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9 saturace u Hallova sn\u00edma\u010de proudu s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd obr\u00e1zek je schematick\u00fd diagram typick\u00e9 magnetiza\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivky v\u0161ech materi\u00e1l\u016f s vysokou magnetickou permeabilitou:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Magnetiza\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivka j\u00e1dra Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Na obr\u00e1zku je Oa' po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed neline\u00e1rn\u00ed segment, a'a\u201c je line\u00e1rn\u00ed segment a a\u201ca je oblast nasycen\u00ed. Jak v\u0161ichni v\u00edme, pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou nebo elektromagnetick\u00fd transform\u00e1tor, bude jako pracovn\u00ed rozsah pou\u017eit \u00fasek s lep\u0161\u00ed linearitou v magnetiza\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivce. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud magnetick\u00e1 indukce p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd rozsah v line\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti, dojde k magnetick\u00e9mu nasycen\u00ed.
Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s elektromagnetick\u00fdm transform\u00e1torem existuje pouze jeden d\u016fvod pro magnetick\u00e9 nasycen\u00ed Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud je dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd.
Nezp\u016fsob\u00ed magnetickou saturaci kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00e9 proudov\u00e9 frekvenci, co\u017e je v\u00fdhoda Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru a tak\u00e9 charakteristika magnetick\u00e9 saturace Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou.
Oproti tomu elektromagnetick\u00fd transform\u00e1tor m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00fdhodu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e je dostate\u010dn\u011b mal\u00e1, i kdy\u017e dojde k velk\u00e9mu p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, k magnetick\u00e9mu sycen\u00ed nedojde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Probl\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9 saturace Hallova sn\u00edma\u010de proudu s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Probl\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9 saturace Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd. Naproti tomu probl\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9 saturace Hallova proudov\u00e9ho senzoru s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nepochopiteln\u00fd, proto\u017ee magnetick\u00fd tok v magnetick\u00e9m j\u00e1dru je nulov\u00fd, kdy\u017e Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou funguje norm\u00e1ln\u011b. p\u0159i nulov\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9m toku p\u0159irozen\u011b nebude nasycen.
To v\u0161ak bude mo\u017en\u00e9 pouze za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek!
Ve skute\u010dnosti, i kdy\u017e se probl\u00e9m s magnetickou saturac\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9ho transform\u00e1toru proudu nebo Hallova sn\u00edma\u010de proudu s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou vyskytne za abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, jako je p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00e1 frekvence a velk\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek k n\u011bmu nedojde. Magnetick\u00e1 saturace!
Z principu \u010dinnosti Hallova proudov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee nulov\u00fd magnetick\u00fd tok je zalo\u017een na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 kompenza\u010dn\u00edm vinut\u00edm na sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b m\u016f\u017ee kompenzovat magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 vodi\u010dem na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee tedy Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou za jak\u00fdchkoli okolnost\u00ed udr\u017eet tento nulov\u00fd tok?<\/p>

O\u010dividn\u011b ne!
A. Kdy\u017e sn\u00edma\u010d nen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen, kompenza\u010dn\u00ed vinut\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed strany negeneruje proud. V tomto okam\u017eiku je Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou ekvivalentn\u00ed Hallovu proudov\u00e9mu senzoru s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou. Dokud je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd, dojde k magnetick\u00e9mu nasycen\u00ed.
B. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, ale prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd. Je to proto, \u017ee proud, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed kompenza\u010dn\u00ed vinut\u00ed generovat, je p\u0159ece jen omezen\u00fd. Kdy\u017e je magnetick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u00edm proudem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed kompenza\u010dn\u00ed vinut\u00ed vytvo\u0159it, magnetick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha se poru\u0161\u00ed a magnetick\u00e9 pole proch\u00e1z\u00ed magnetick\u00fdm j\u00e1drem. Kdy\u017e se proud d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje, zv\u011bt\u0161uje se i magnetick\u00e9 pole v magnetick\u00e9m j\u00e1dru. Kdy\u017e je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed proud dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd, Hall\u016fv proudov\u00fd senzor s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou p\u0159ejde do stavu magnetick\u00e9 saturace!
Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s elektromagnetick\u00fdmi proudov\u00fdmi transform\u00e1tory a Hallov\u00fdmi proudov\u00fdmi senzory s otev\u0159enou smy\u010dkou je magnetick\u00e1 saturace Hallov\u00fdch proudov\u00fdch senzor\u016f s uzav\u0159enou smy\u010dkou m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1, ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee k n\u00ed nedojde. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit magnetickou saturaci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kontaktujte na\u0161e odborn\u00edky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKontaktujte n\u00e1s p\u0159\u00edmo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm e-mailu info@hangzhiprecision.com<\/strong><\/a> nebo vypl\u0148te n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159. Odpov\u00edme v\u00e1m co nejd\u0159\u00edve.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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